Sexual Harassment Essay - 935 Words

Sexual Harassment comes in many forms and weather spoken, verbal, written or the behavior itself, it makes the person uncomfortable and the end results is all same, Sexual Harassment is unwelcome and unwanted behavior. Sexual Harassment discrimination is illegal. It is the employer obligation to make sure their organization and employees have protection from discrimination. This paper will show that Jacksonville shipyard acted unethically by failing to protect one of their employees Lois Robinson. Jacksonville Shipyard was well aware that Ms. Robinson faced sexual harassment on a daily basis by her male co- workers. Once Lois complained to Management that she objected to the co-workers behaviors , instead of helping her they made†¦show more content†¦Major Ethics Principles, Rules, and Values Jacksonville Shipyard attempted to apply the Rights Ethical theory because this theory allows the individuals to apply what they feel is right and infringe these rights upon ot hers. Boatright (2009) pointed out, â€Å"One supervisor reported the company had no policy against the posting of pictures and claimed that the men had a constitutional right to do so† (p.28). Jacksonville Shipyard made no changes to their programs because they felt the male employees were within their rights; instead, they made poor attempts to accommodate Lois Robinson. Employees have a right to not be offended or be offended but employees does not have the right to have those choices taking away by their employer. Stakeholder Analysis The primary stakeholder of Jacksonville Shipyard are the stockholders and the owners because they have invested in the organization for profit and not lost.They may lose federal contracts and funding for not complying with the Affirmative Action policies. The secondary stakeholders are the employees who have could cost the organization mega dollars because of the behaviors that encourageShow MoreRelatedGender Harassment And Sexual Harassment Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesBennett-Alexander Hartman (2015) mentions that sexual harassment is based on gender and does not â€Å"Involve sex, requests for sexual activity, comments, or anything similar† (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2015, p. 423). The non-sex requirement is the reason that the term gender in sexual harassment is discussed meaning whether if the individual is male or female that is filing a sexual harassment claim. Although, Title VII of the Civil Rights of 1964 mentions that individuals should not be discriminatedRead MoreSexual Harassment And Gender Harassment1731 Words   |  7 Pageswork has been done around the area of Sexual Harassment, as the primary systematic attempt to outline theoretical space of Sexual Harassment and build up a complete classification system had started in the year 1980 (Fitzgerald et al. 2010). Sexual Harassment is defined as the unprompted male conduct that asserts a women’s sex role over her function as employee or intimidation of a sexual nature or the inappropriate promises of rewards in return for sexual favors (Fitzgerald 1990). In most ofRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 Pagesyou are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is, an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. According to the U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreSexual Harassment Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesSexual harassment is so ordinary in the workforce that frequently we fail to even recognize harassing behavior as immoral. This is because so many of us--women and men alike--have become desensitized to offensive behaviors. Sexual harassment in any form is unacceptable behavior and should not be tolerated by anyone. It undermin es our ability to study, to work, and to feel like effective, empowered people in the world. The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission describes sexual harassment asRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1253 Words   |  6 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace What cause sexual harassment in the workplace? Sexual harassment is defined as discrimination towards sex. It is unwanted verbal and/or physical contact between two human beings, however, in this case I would like to focus on the workplace (co-worker or supervisor). Based on Civil Rights Act of 1991, there has been an increased amount of incentives for employer’s prohibition conducts of sexual harassment. How people perceive and evaluate sexual harassmentRead MoreThe State Of Sexual Harassment858 Words   |  4 PagesCates, S., Machin, L. (2012). The State of Sexual Harassment in America: What is the Status of Sexual Harassment in the US Workplace Today? Journal of Global Business Management, 8(1), 133-138. Unwanted sexual advances are inappropriate whether or not an individual is at work. This article speaks to the minds of people who have been sexually harassed at work in the 2000s. When written, the article explained that in the last two years sexual harassment in the workplace had actually increased. ItRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1359 Words   |  6 Pagesfor any company to legally define what constitutes sexual harassment in the workplace, but there are many ways to define sexual harassment. Everyone has different views and tolerance levels towards sexual harassment. When a case of sexual harassment occurs in a workplace, however, it comes down to how the courts define sexual harassment. The Supreme Court defines sexual harassment to be unlawful in two ways. â€Å"The first type involves sexual harassment that results in a tangible employment action;† thisRead MoreSexual Harassment in India2412 Words   |  10 PagesSexual harassment in India is termed Eve teasing and is described as: unwelcome sexual gesture or behaviour whether directly or indirectly as sexually coloured remarks; physical contact and advances; showing pornography; a demand or request for sexual favours; any other unwelcome physical, verbal/non-verbal conduct being sexual in nature. The critical factor is the unwelcomeness of the behaviour, thereby making the impact of such actions on the recipient more relevant rather than intent of theRead MoreStudent Sexual Misconduct And Sexual Harassment1750 Words   |  7 PagesTeacher-student sexual misconduct cases are on the rise nationwide. There has been less attention and emphasis on these issues. This paper will focus on the ethical issues and any involvements surrounding sexual misconducts and sexual harassment between teachers and students. This paper will define knowledge and an understanding on what constitutes a sexual misconduct and sexual harassment. This paper will enlighten the ethical concerns about teacher-st udent sexual misconduct and sexual harassment. This paperRead MoreSexual Harassment Paper1766 Words   |  8 PagesSexual Harassment Paper HRM320: Employment Law Prof. Mary Myers-Nelson DeVry University Online Define sexual harassment as the term is used legally. â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that tends to create a hostile or offensive work environment.† (sexual harassment. (n.d.) West s Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. (2008). Sexual harassment comes in several different forms from words to touching to

Usa Olympic Uniform Controversy - 901 Words

Jaleesa Wynn MGMT 3720 Assignment #2 Work Motivation â€Å"Magic Eye, Inc† is a case study about a company that specializes in computerized special effects. This company is made up of majority of computer programmers. Paul Reed, vice president of Magic Eye, Inc is an engineer hired aboard several individuals who share similar backgrounds and works young programmers in developing their expertise. However, Paul is disappointed in the potential level of performance by his colleagues and because the programmers are essential to this business, the performance of this company will not increase if the programmers do not do their part. With the lack of motivation of his employees, Paul came up with a†¦show more content†¦Expectancy is the belief that increase of effort can result in the increase of one’s performance. This can include the by having the right skills to do the job. With Jeannine technical capabilities and experience with handling software’s and hardware’s, she acquired since her CEGEP, she bel ieves she is good at what she does. Instrumentality is describes as believing of an individual’s performance will value in outcome at the end. This is affected trust in an individual to get the job done. With Jeanine supervisor micromanaging her and being told what to do on his requests, lacks the confidence he believes Jeannine does not have. However it doesn’t give Jeannine a chance to prove her skills to her supervisor because of their behavior towards her. Valence is the importance of ones values, needs or goals that is being place upon expected outcome. Even though Jeannine feels like she haven’t reached her level of potential in her competencies, she does not believe she ever needed help in figuring what and how she needs to do her job, but through her personal goal setting, her desire to continue to perform exceptional work. Vroom’s expectancy theory can conclude that it works on perceptions. Although an employer believes that they provided suffici ent benefits that are appropriate for motivation, doesn’t mean that it won’t be perceived that is doesn’t work for them. As stated before in Vrooms theory, performance isShow MoreRelatedSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 Pages2012 Summer Olympics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search 2012 Olympics redirects here. For the Winter Youth Olympics, see 2012 Winter Youth Olympics. For the Paralympic Games, see 2012 Summer Paralympics. London 2012 redirects here. For the video game, see London 2012 (video game). Games of the XXX Olympiad | This is the clear version of the official logo. There are four official base colours, and another version for the 2012 Summer Paralympics. ForRead MoreHistory of Educational Technology2941 Words   |  12 PagesDoab, (most of the part is under todays Pakistan and the western states of modern-day India as well as some part of the civilization extending upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran). There is a long term controversy to be sure about the language that the Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least seems to be or a pictographic script. The script appears to have had about 400 basic signs, with lots of variations. People write their scriptRead MoreHistory of Educational Technology2929 Words   |  12 PagesDoab, (most of the part is under todays Pakistan and the western states of modern-day India as well as some part of the civilization extending upto southeastern Afghanistan, and the easternmost part of Balochistan, Iran). There is a long term controversy to be sure about the language that the Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least seems to be or a pictographic script. The script appears to have had about 400 basic signs, with lots of variations. People write their scriptRead MoreEssay on Tour de France Drug Abuse4746 Words   |  19 Pagesaffected. The Union Cycliste Internationale and other sports officials are left with several burning questions; do they seek a better testing system? Clearly, they must protect athletes and the image of sports even though it is costly. Do they perform uniform versus random drug tests? Both are necessary to keep athletes and trainers accountable. In fact, the 1999 Tour promoted both forms of testing (Fife 208). If they do random tests, how do they enforce them? On this point, committees and sports federationsRead MoreTour de France Drug Abuse4890 Words   |  20 Pages The Union Cycliste Internationale and other sports officials are l eft with several burning questions; do they seek a better testing system? Clearly, they must protect athletes and the image of sports even though it is costly. Do they perform uniform versus random drug tests? Both are necessary to keep athletes and trainers accountable. In fact, the 1999 Tour promoted both forms of testing (Fife 208). If they do random tests, how do they enforce them? On this point, committees and sports federationsRead MoreMcdonalds Case Study Project Managment9278 Words   |  38 Pagesagreement size with its name. And as shown on Table 1 the market share between competitors throw the last 4 years. Table 1.Burger Restruant Market Share | |Europe (2006) |Europe (2007) |Europe (2009) |USA | |McDonalds |16.54 |19.47 |66.74 |94.06 | |Yum! Brands |3.25 |3.43 |42.82 Read MoreDifference Of Architectural Professional Practice Between U.s. And China5918 Words   |  24 Pagesa dominate act in the competition of current architectural market. All of them have contribute to the flourishing construction during the development of economy by establishing national architectural projects, such as â€Å"the Bird Nest† during 2008 Olympics, National Art Museum of China, the Capital Museum, etc. Since the openness of architectural market in China, there were a number of personal architectural studios emerged inside from the NDIs. Different from the giant scale institutes, these smallerRead Morepaul hoang answers72561 Words   |  291 PagesAward up to 2 marks for explaining any two relevant costs of engaging in international trade. These could include: [4 marks] †¢ †¢ †¢ d) Tariffs imposed on the import of US jeans Transportation costs for the jeans being shipped in from the USA Insurance for the stock being transported from overseas A high exchange can create an opportunity for KQ jeans because the costs of importing its stocks of jeans will fall. As the  £ strengthens against the $, KQ will be able to purchase the same Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagespatent application is made public, the race starts as other companies try to create improved, patentable versions. The industry is subjected to rigorous regulatory scrutiny. Government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA thoroughly examine all of the data to support the purity, stability, safety, efï ¬ cacy and tolerability of a new agent. The time taken is governed by legislation and averaged 12.5 months in 2005. Obtaining marketing approval is no longer the end of theRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesof trade. China and China’s protection. The Chinese, like modernday multinationals, sought to extend their economic reach while recognizing principles of economic equity and fair trade. In the course of their global trading, the Chinese introduced un iform container measurements to enable merchants to transact business using common weight and dimension measurement systems. Like the early Egyptians and later the Romans, they used coinage as an intermediary form of value exchange or specie, thus eliminating

Barnados Free Essays

Analysis of a Barnardo’s Advert: Stolen Childhood Why do charity adverts get complaints? Shocking, inappropriate, offensive- these words are often thrown at charities about their advertising. The Barnardo’s ‘Stolen Childhood’ campaign is typical of charity adverts, which engages people to donate, take action and make changes. Surely this means for people to support this charity, and not something to be complained about? The Barnardo’s campaign has created great controversy. We will write a custom essay sample on Barnados or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has made the public disapprove and to some what find disturbing. Thomas Barnardo’s established his charity in 1870; even then did it cause accusations. Barnardo’s opened many projects such as ‘Believe in Children’ and ‘Child Poverty’ and many more series of campaigns. During 2002 Barnado’s launched the campaign ‘Stolen Childhood’ to help children up to the age of 18, who have been abused through prostitution. Complaints said audiences were left feeling disconcerted and disturbed. But making calls to stop child prostitution was a target for Barnardo’s; they wanted to create a new law allowing child prostitution to end. Barnardo’s produced posters for advertisements about the prostitution of children and altered their faces to illustrate the pain that they are going through. Noticing the complaints, has risen, Barnardo’s defended the decision to use shocking images: saying that these changes allowed them to get the message across to many people and allow Minsters to act quickly, providing enough protection for children. In this particular advert, it contains a picture of a little girl sitting on a sofa. Her face is digitally grotesquely old, but has a young body. Standing behind the sofa is part if a man and his fingers are running through her hair. The background is a subtle yellow, with curtains that are drawn. The advert includes a catchy slogan and information on how to donate or get supplementary information about the campaign. The man in this image is placed behind a sofa, with his back towards a window. This arrangement gives me an idea he is hiding or protecting the little girl away from the public. This unknown man cannot be identified because the image does not allow the viewers to see his face because his face is deliberately hidden- this sets the audience eager to see his face. We are also not able to see his bottom half, as he is straightened up behind the sofa- Which suggests that the man may not be wearing any trousers. You can see the hairs upon the man’s chest, (as his shirt is seen to be undone) this straight away gives me a sense that this man is way beyond the age to be sexually connected with young girls. Plus I can identify that he is wearing a wedding ring which states the man might be either married or divorced. This proves that anyone can act in this behaviour, whether or not you’re married. Clenching his hand on the sofa expresses that the man is in anger and has force over the young girl. However, he is probably satisfied as well as incensed because, his other hand is touching the girl’s hair. Reminding ourselves that his shirt is undone, this can calculate that he may be ready to sexually abuse her, or that he has already done so. The terrified girl in the foreground is cramped up in the corner of the sofa: this shows that she is probably afraid and is trying to keep away. She looks as if she is trying to protect herself by holding both arms firmly around her. Through this I can sense that the girl may be in danger in some way perhaps, as she like to keep her self to herself. Her world might be very dark and cold so, therefore holding both arms is a way of keeping her pain within herself. Yet sitting in this position is also covering the lower part of her body, as she may not be wearing anything. This then shows me the young girls sensitive and emotional side as she may be a very shy person. The purple bruises on her legs must have a horrifying story behind them- A story that involves physical, brutal abusing conflict between the man and her, or maybe be she has self harmed herself which might be a way to relief her pain. The top that the girl is wearing stands out to me, it appears to be quite rigid as it looks almost washed out form a bright pink colour, this suggests a soft girly side that she once had, and has all been taken away from her. I can clearly say that this image of her clothing gives a sign of purity and innocence to contrast with her reality and the callousness of the room. Yet viewers who look at this poster are straight away drawn directly to her face. Her digital altered face appears to look old and wrinkly. Bug, heavy bags under her eyes are lined up with dark bruises, making her look stressed and tired, almost as if she has spent her hours crying with lack of sleep. From her droopy expression her mouth is weighed down with many defined lines which appear to be baggy wrinkles forming under her lips. Which is exaggerated on the amount of sexual abuse that she gets, hence it is equivalent to a life time and maybe it is difficult for her to relax and get some rest. This all results to how the child is being taken care of by the man –Not only does he abuse her but has no intention on her health and strength, she is some sort of shield for him, were she is being brutally knocked over, while he is safe ly fulfilled. The girl who once lived a happy life, with smiles and laughter, has almost faded away with a broken soul of worries, fear and pain. I think this altering of her face may reflect what she may look like in the coming years. The image of this lonely victim has been adjusted to make her look old with strands of grey hair. By doing this digital alteration the audience are led to believe that this young girl has been traumatised by suffering from too much sexual abuse from the man, resulting in ageing and loss of childhood. This image captures only a certain part of the room; this creates suspense and gives the audience thoughts about who else might be in the room†¦ nother abuser, or another child in a similar situation? The colour of the wall reflects the carpet, creating a sense of calm and a neutral atmosphere. This matches the colour of the curtains, and gives me an understanding that the main person living in the house has a sense of style, therefore can live in a decent looking way. Thus the soft colours clash with the situation of the trapped, dark story held between both characters in the image. Her disapp ointment and fear does not fit in well with the surroundings of the scene, which makes her prominent. Everything is in contrast to each other, the bright clean room to the dark filthy routine he portrays. Yet one may wonder what is really going on behind those doors and drawn curtains, where a little girl is forced to love with a man. There area different levels positioned in this photograph. The man in the background is standing behind her dominantly as if he is in control of his powerful actions committed against the frightened girl, (through his level of height) as she is sitting and being touched by him. Abuse through prostitution STEALS CHILDRENS LIVES’ is a slogan used in the poster. These effective, emotive words make the audience want to put a stop to prostitution, to give everything the child need which has been taken away from them. Their hope would want the audience to act quickly and efficiently, due to words ‘prostitution and children’ oddly put together (which is normally not relevant to children) it is a short powerful message that loiters onto to y ou after you have read it. The slogan also highlights the key points about the campaign, letting the audience know what prostitution can lead to. In this poster there is enough information needed, for instance the image is very vivid, followed by a catchy slogan, symbolising that the audience’s awareness can make a difference. Overall, Barnardo’s feel they can be more daring with their use of images to a younger age group. Even though, the text on this advert is very limited, the images illustrate an understanding of the charity, as it is well explained, using lack of words. I agree with the fact that Barnardo’s has used visual distressing images- this will encourage and expose how neglect and abuse can bring horrifying consequences to children in the UK. The resulting of the poster will wake the public up, to the children’s distress. If not, the charity still received publicity through the complaints that were made, and will acknowledge them. However, this advert revolts me, and makes me aware of what is actually happening around me. I feel sympathy for the young girl; trying to understand what its like to be in her position and in this uncomfortable situation. No child should experience an outrageous, despicable act like this! The poster lets the viewers create the rest of the room in your mind. Which makes me think that the rest of the world might me suffering from the same situation? This sets me a sudden erg, an eager to help the juvenile girl, and try to stay connected to her, letting her know that there can be help being made. In addition to this, I reckon the more eye-opening and clear the advert is, the more successful that campaign will be! How to cite Barnados, Essay examples

Drugs And Crime (2722 words) Essay Example For Students

Drugs And Crime (2722 words) Essay Drugs And CrimeUse federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feelthat if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestylesthat we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am alsogoing to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be veryeffective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. ItAccording to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender areseparate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegalactivities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain orpunishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are oftencommitted. The number of offenders may remain the same, while crime ratesfluctuate due to the amount of opportunity (Siegel 1998). Criminal offenders arepeople that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that theyhave no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level islower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be moreimpulsive and shortsighted. This ties back in with crimes that are committedthat provide easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarilyhave a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-termconsequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered (Longshore 1998,pp.102-113). These people with lower levels of self-control also engage innon-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, andillicit sexual activity (Siegel 1998). Also, drug use is a common act that isperformed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs,while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomesan addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugsor them money to get the drugs. In a mid-western study done by Evans et al. (1997, pp. 475-504), there was a significant relationship between self-controland use of illegal drugs. The problem is once these people get into the criminaljustice system, it is hard to get them out. After they do their time and arereleased, it is much easier to be sent back to prison. Once they are out, theyrevert back to their impulsive selves and continue with the only type of lifethey know. They know short-term gratification, the quick fix if youwill. Being locked up with thousands of other people in the same situation asthem is not going to change them at all. They break parole and are sent back toprison. Since the second half of the 1980s, there has been a large growth inprison and jail populations, continuing a trend that started in the 1970s. The proportion of drug users in the incarcerated population also grew at thesame time. By the end of the 1980s, about one-third of those sent to stateprisons had been convicted of a drug offense; the highest in the countryshistory (Reuter 1992, pp. 323-395). With the arrival of crack use in the1980s, the strong relationship between drugs and crime got stronger. The useof cocaine and heroin became very prevalent. Violence on the streets that iscaused by drugs got the publics attention and that put pressure on the policeand courts. Consequently, more arrests were made. While it may seem good atfirst that these people are locked up, with a second look, things are not thatgood. The cost to John Q. Taxpayer for a prisoner in Ohio for a year is around$30,000 (Phipps 1998). That gets pretty expensive when you consider that thereare more than 1,100,000 people in United States prisons today (Siegel 1998). Many prisoners are being held in local jails because of overcrowding. This risein population is largely due to the number of inmates serving time for drugoffenses (Siegel 1998). This is where therapeutic communities come into play. The term therapeutic community has been used in many different forms oftreatment, including residential group homes and special schools, and differentconditions, like mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse (Lipton 1998,pp.106-109). In the United States, therapeutic communities are used in therehabilitation of drug addicts in and out of prison. These communities involve atype of group therapy that focuses more on the person a whole and not so muchthe offense they committed or their drug abuse. They use a community ofpeers and role models rather than professional clinicians. They focus onlifestyle changes and tend to be more holistic (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). Bygetting inmates to participate in these programs, the prisoners can break theiraddiction to drugs. By freeing themselves from this addiction they can changetheir lives. These therapeutic communities can teach them some self-control andways that they can direct their energies into more productive things, such assports, reli gion, or work. Seven out of every ten men and eight out of every tenwomen in the criminal justice system used drugs with some regularity prior toentering the criminal justice system (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). With that manypeople in prisons that are using drugs and the connection between drug use andcrime, then if there was any success at all it seems like it would be a step inthe right direction. Many of these offenders will not seek any type of reformwhen they are in the community. They feel that they do not have the time tocommit to go through a program of rehabilitation. It makes sense, then, thatthey should receive treatment while in prison because one thing they have plentyof is time. In 1979, around four percent of the prison population, or about10,000, were receiving treatment through the 160 programs that were availablethroughout the country (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1981). Forty-nine ofthese programs were based on the therapeutic community model, which servedaroun d 4,200 prisoners. In 1989, the percentage of prisoners that participatedin these programs grew to about eleven percent (Chaiken 1989). Some incompletesurveys state today that over half the states provide some form of treatment totheir prisoners and about twenty percent of identified drug-using offenders areusing these programs (Frohling 1989). The public started realizing that drugabuse and crime were on the rise and that something had to be done about it. The Mind and Motivation of a Serial Killer EssayIn this study, they found a linear relationship between reduced recidivism ratesand time spent in the program as well as the level of treatment attained. Thisstudy found that it was the attainment of level progress rather than time in thetreatment that was most important. The studies done on New Yorks Stayn Outprogram and Delawares Key-Crest program are some of the first large-scaleevidence that prison-based therapeutic communities actually produce asignificant reduction in recidivism rates and show a consistency over time. Theprograms of the past did work, but before most of the programs were privatelyfunded, and when the funds ran out in seven or eight years, so did the programs. Now with the government backing these types of programs, they should continue toshow a decrease in recidivism. It is much more cost effective to treat theseinmates. A program like Stayn Out cost about $3,000 to $4,000 more than thestandard correctional costs per inmate per year (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). In aprogram in Texas, it was figured that with the money spent on 672 offenders thatentered the program, 74 recidivists would have to be prevented from returning tobreak even. It was estimated that 376 recidivists would be kept from returningusing the therapeutic community program (Eisenberg and Fabelo 1996, pp. 296-318). The savings produced in crime-related and drug use-associated costspay for the cost of treatment in about two to three years. The main questionthat arises when dealing with this subject is whether or not people change. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, the person does not change, only theopportunity changes. By separating themselves from people that commit crimes andcommonly do drugs, they are actually avoiding the opportunity to commit thesecrimes. They do not put themselves in the situation that would allow their lowself-control to take over. Starting relationships with people who exhibitself-control and ending relationships with those who do not is a major factor inthe frequency of committing crimes. Addiction treatment is very important tothis countrys war on drugs. While these abusers are incarcerated it providesus with an excellent opportunity to give them treatment. The will not seektreatment on their own. Without treatment, the chances of them continuing onwith their past behavior are very high. But with the treatment programs we havetoday, things might be looking up. The studies done on the various programs,such as New Yorks Stayn Out and Delawares Key-Crest program, prove thatthere ar e cost effective ways available to treat these prisoners. Not only arethey cost effective, but they are also proven to reduce recidivism ratessignificantly. These findings are very consistent throughout all of theresearch, there are not opposing views. I believe that we can effectively treatthese prisoners while they are incarcerated and they can be released intosociety and be productive, not destructive. Nothing else has worked to thispoint, we owe it to them, and more importantly, we owe it to ourselves. We canagain feel safe on the streets after dark, and we do not have to spend so muchof our money to do it. BibliographyBibliographyBall, J.C., J.W. Shaffer, and D.N. Nurco. 1983. Day-to-day criminality ofheroin addicts in Baltimore: a study in the continuity of offense rates. Drugand Alcohol Dependence. 12: 119-142. Beckett, K. 1994. Setting the PublicAgenda: Street Crime and Drug Use in American Politics. SocialProblems. 41(3): 425-447. Chaiken, M.R. 1989. In-Prison Programs forD rug-Involved Offenders. Research in Brief. Washington, DC: NationalInstitute of Justice. Eisenberg, M., and Tony Fabelo. 1996. Evaluation of theTexas Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Initiative: The impact of policyresearch. Crime and Delinquency. 42(2): 296-318. Evans, T.D., F.T. Cullen,V.S. Burton, R.G. Dunaway, and M.L. Benson. 1997. The social consequences ofself-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology. 35: 475-504. Frohling, R. 1989. Promising Approaches to Drug Treatment in CorrectionalSettings. Criminal Justice Paper No. 7. National Conference of StateLegislatures, Washington, DC. Inciardi, J.A., S.S. Martin, C.A. Butzin, R.M. Hooper, and L.D. Harrison. 1997. An effective model of prison-based treatmentfor drug-involved offenders. Journal of Drug Issues. 27(2): 261-278. Longshore, D. 1998. Self-Control and Criminal Opportuinty: A Prospective Testof the General Theory of Crime. Social Problems. 45(1): 102-113. Lipton, D.S. 1998. Therapeutic communities: History, effectiveness, and prospects.Corrections Today. 60(6): 106-109. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1981. Drug Abuse Treatment in Prisons. Treatment Research Report Series. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO. Phipps, B. 1998. Criminology class lecturenotes. Reuter, P. 1992. Community Crime Prevention: a review and synthesisof the literature. Justice Quarterly. 5(3): 323-395. Siegel, L.J. 1998. Criminology. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Toumbourou, J.W., M. Hamilton, B. Fallon. 1998. Treatment level progress and time spent in treatment in theprediction of outcomes following drug-free therapeutic community treatment.Addiction. 93(7): 1051-1064. Wexler, H.K., D. Lipton, G.P. Falkin, and A.B. Rosenbaum. 1992. Outcome evaluation of a prison therapeutic community forsubstance abuse treatment. In C.G. Leukkfeld and F.M. Tims (eds.), Drug AbuseTreatment in Prisons and Jails. pp. 156-175. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.